Empire State Review Team 
Domoic Acid Toxicity Impacting Marine Life in Southern California
Location: San Pedro, California
A concerning outbreak of domoic acid (DA) toxicity is affecting numerous sea mammals and birds along the Southern California coast, leading to illness and fatalities among these species. The toxicity originates from harmful algal blooms (HABs) in ocean waters, particularly an algae species called Sudanecha.
Understanding Domoic Acid Toxicity
Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin that is produced during algal blooms. Marine species such as anchovies, sardines, and crustaceans that consume these toxic algae subsequently transmit the toxin up the food chain. As a result, sea birds and marine mammals that prey on these fish experience severe neurological symptoms, which include:
- Tremors
- Seizures
- Stillbirths
- Uncharacteristic aggression
The ongoing crisis has resulted in a significant influx of affected animals into marine mammal care centers throughout California. This year’s bloom has been noted by experts as the most severe in recent history.
The Current Situation
Several species are experiencing adverse effects from the toxin, including dolphins, sea lions, and various bird species. For example, the Marine Mammal Care Center in San Pedro reports attempts to save a sick sea lion, which faced premature labor due to the toxin’s impact. Dr. Alissa Deming, a veterinarian at the center, stated, “The only way to flush the toxin out of the mom and make sure we’re able to save her is to induce premature labor… unfortunately, these fetuses are too early on gestation to be able to survive outside the mother.”
Individuals are urged to be cautious around sick or deceased seabirds and to report sightings to wildlife rescue organizations, such as the Bird HelpLine at 1-866-SOS-BIRD (866-767-2473).
Potential Causes and Complications
Experts suggest that recent environmental factors, including the use of fire retardant during the LA wildfires, may be exacerbating the situation. This chemical has previously been linked to similar toxic outbreaks in freshwater systems.
Furthermore, the symptoms produced by DA toxicity can closely resemble those caused by other diseases, such as bird flu and protozoal encephalitis, complicating the diagnostic process for affected wildlife.
Public Safety and Response
Given the nature of the current outbreak, public safety remains a top priority. Beachgoers are advised to maintain a safe distance from affected wildlife and to report sick animals promptly. The Marine Mammal Care Center highlighted the critical need for timely interventions, as the survival rate for animals with domoic acid toxicity is around 65% if treated appropriately.
As this situation develops, wildlife care organizations continue to work tirelessly to rehabilitate affected species and address the environmental challenges contributing to the harmful algal blooms.
